In recent years, the region Jammu and Kashmir has been grappling with the harsh realities of an altered climate, where unpredictable monsoons, flash floods, and rising temperatures have wreaked havoc on its fragile ecosystems and the livelihoods of its people. The once-predictable weather patterns that sustained agriculture and supported life in the region are now erratic and dangerous, posing significant challenges for both rural and urban populations.
The region, nestled in the Himalayas, is particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to its mountainous terrain and the presence of numerous rivers and glaciers. These natural features, while contributing to the region’s scenic beauty, also make it prone to disasters such as landslides, glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), and flash floods, all of which have become more frequent and severe in recent years. The monsoon, which traditionally brought much-needed rainfall to replenish water sources and sustain agriculture, has become increasingly unpredictable. In some years, it brings excessive rain, leading to devastating floods, while in others, it fails to deliver adequate precipitation, resulting in drought-like conditions. The consequences of these erratic weather patterns are felt across all sectors of society. In rural areas, where agriculture is the primary source of livelihood, unpredictable rainfall and floods have led to crop failures, soil erosion, and loss of arable land. Farmers, who are already grappling with challenges such as lack of access to modern technology and markets, are finding it increasingly difficult to sustain their livelihoods. Urban centers in Jammu and Kashmir are also facing the brunt of climate change. The rapid and often unplanned expansion of cities has led to the degradation of natural landscapes, increased pollution, and the encroachment of wetlands and floodplains, which historically acted as natural buffers against floods. The impacts of climate change in Jammu and Kashmir are not limited to the physical environment but extend to the social and economic fabric of the region. The effects of natural disasters and environmental degradation disproportionately affect the poor and marginalized communities, who have the least capacity to cope with the impacts. These communities often live in the most vulnerable areas, such as floodplains or steep slopes, where the risks of floods and landslides are highest. They also have limited access to resources and services, such as healthcare, education, and financial support, which are essential for building resilience to climate change. The lack of social safety nets and insurance mechanisms further exacerbates their vulnerability, trapping them in a cycle of poverty and insecurity. While there have been efforts to improve disaster preparedness and response, these measures have often been inadequate in the face of the scale and frequency of natural disasters. The government’s policies on urban planning, land use, and infrastructure development have often prioritized short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability, leading to the degradation of natural ecosystems and the exacerbation of climate risks. This requires a fundamental shift in policy and planning, with a focus on building climate resilience across all sectors of society. One of the key areas that need urgent attention is urban planning. This includes the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, such as wetlands and flood plains that provide essential services such as flood protection, water filtration, and carbon sequestration. The adoption of green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and urban forests, can also help to mitigate the impacts of floods and heat waves, while enhancing the quality of life in urban areas. To enhance rural resilience to climate change, sustainable agriculture practices like crop diversification, agroforestry, and efficient irrigation are vital. The government should invest in rural infrastructure and provide greater support to smallholder farmers through access to credit, insurance, and extension services, ensuring they can adapt to climate variability. Water management is crucial due to glacier melt and monsoon variability threatening water security. The government must create integrated plans addressing the hydrological cycle, protect watersheds, restore ecosystems, and promote conservation. Infrastructure for rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and wastewater reuse is essential for enhancing water security amid climate change.
There is a crucial need for increased public awareness and education on climate change. The government, alongside civil society and educational institutions, should launch campaigns promoting sustainable lifestyles, resource conservation, and disaster preparedness. By adopting sustainable practices, enhancing urban planning, and safeguarding the lives and livelihoods of its people, the government can help to build a more resilient and prosperous future for Jammu and Kashmir in the face of climate change.