Law Commission Proposes Unified Electoral Process for Lok Sabha, States, and Local Bodies

New Delhi, 28-02-2029 : The prospect of introducing simultaneous elections, or ‘one nation, one election,’ is a significant and transformative proposal in India’s democratic landscape. Spearheaded by the Law Commission, under the guidance of Justice (retd) Ritu Raj Awasthi, this initiative aims to streamline the electoral process by synchronizing the schedules for Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and local body polls across the country. The envisioned addition of a new chapter to the Constitution signifies a profound shift in electoral governance, with far-reaching implications for political and administrative dynamics.

 The new chapter in the Constitution would include issues related to “simultaneous election”, “sustainability of simultaneous elections” and “common electoral roll” for Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, panchayats and municipalities so that the three-tier simultaneous polls could be held together “in one go”, they explained.
The new chapter being recommended will have power of non-extant” to override other provisions in the Constitution dealing with terms of assemblies.
The five-year period in which the terms of assemblies will be synchronised will be spread over three phases. The Commission would recommend that the first phase may deal with state assemblies whose period will have to be curtailed by a few months — three or six months.
In case a government falls due to no confidence or if there is a hung House, the Commission would recommend constitution of a “unity government” with representatives from various political parties.
In case the unity government formula does not work, the law panel would recommend holding fresh elections for the remainder of the term of the House.
“Suppose fresh elections are called for and the government still has three years, then polls should be for the remainder of the term — three years — to ensure sustainability,” a source explained.
Besides the Law Commission, a high-level committee under former president Ram Nath Kovind is also working on a report on how simultaneous polls to the Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, municipalities and panchayats can be held by tweaking the Constitution and the existing legal framework.
Along with the upcoming Lok Sabha polls, expected in April-May this year, elections for at least five assemblies are likely to take place, while state polls for Maharashtra, Haryana and Jharkhand are expected later this year.
Bihar and Delhi are scheduled for assembly polls next year, while Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Kerala are scheduled for 2026, and Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab and Manipur in 2027.
As many as nine states may have assembly polls scheduled for 2028 — Tripura, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Karnataka, Mizoram, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Telangana.